What transformation would change (x, y) to (x + 3, y - 5)?

The transformation that changes the coordinates from (x, y) to (x + 3, y - 5) is a translation. In a translation, every point is moved a certain distance in a specific direction. Here, the x-coordinate is increasing by 3 units, which means the point is moving to the right on the Cartesian plane. Simultaneously, the y-coordinate is decreasing by 5 units, indicating that the point is moving down.

In summary, the overall effect is a shift of the point (x, y) by 3 units to the right and 5 units down, matching the definition of a translation. This transformation preserves the shape and size of the original figure but changes its position, distinguishing it from other transformations like dilation, rotation, or reflection, which involve scaling, turning, or flipping the figure respectively.